Verruca Vulgaris

Verruca vulgaris, commonly known as a common wart, is a benign skin growth caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), primarily types 2 and 4 (though other types can also be involved). It often appears on the hands, fingers, elbows, and knees as a rough, raised, and sometimes cauliflower-like lesion.

Causes & Transmission

  • Direct skin contact with HPV (e.g., from infected surfaces or another person).
  • Small cuts or abrasions increase susceptibility.
  • Common in children, immunocompromised individuals, and those frequently handling wet surfaces (e.g., swimmers).

Symptoms

  • Firm, rough, raised lesion with a rough surface.
  • May have black dots (thrombosed capillaries).
  • Usually painless but can be tender if on pressure areas.

Clinical Examination

Appearance:

  • Small, rough, firm papule with an irregular surface.
  • May have a cauliflower-like or hyperkeratotic texture.
  • Can be single or multiple.
  • Possible black dots (thrombosed capillaries) on the surface.

Location & Distribution:

  • Often found on the eyelids, lips, forehead, cheeks or around finger nails.
  • Can be isolated or appear in clusters.

Palpation:

  • Surface feels rough, unlike smooth skin lesions (e.g., molluscum contagiosum).
  • Non-tender in most cases, unless irritated.

Diagnostic Confirmation (if needed)

Dermatoscopy: Shows a papillomatous surface with red or black dots (capillary loops).

Scraping Test: Gently scraping reveals pinpoint bleeding (confirming capillary involvement).

Biopsy: Histopathology shows hyperkeratosis, papillomatosis, and koilocytes (HPV-infected keratinocytes).


Differential Diagnosis

  • Seborrheic keratosis – More waxy and stuck-on appearance.
  • Molluscum contagiosum – Dome-shaped with central umbilication.
  • Actinic keratosis – More scaly and linked to sun exposure.
  • Basal cell carcinoma (rare in young patients) – Pearly edges, slow-growing.

Conventional Treatment:

  • Cryotherapy (freezing)
  • Curettage (scraping)
  • Electrosurgery
  • Laser ablation
  • Often done for cosmetic reasons or irritation

Homeopathic Perspective:

Individualized treatment based on totality of symptoms.

Focus on constitutional remedy to prevent recurrence.


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